# MOTS-C dosage & reconstitution (40 mg vial)

MOTS-C dosage: calculations for a 40 mg vial use the same amounts described in the literature. Adding 2 mL of bacteriostatic water produces 20 mg/mL, so each U-100 unit contains 200 mcg.

- **Vial contents:** 40 mg MOTS-C
- **Final volume:** 2 mL
- **Concentration:** 20 mg/mL
- **One U-100 unit:** 200 mcg in 0.01 mL

## Dosing & Reconstitution Guide
Educational guide for reconstitution and daily dosing

### Standard / Gradual Approach (2 mL = ~20 mg/mL)

| Week / phase | Daily dose | Units per injection (mL) |
|---|---|---|
| Weeks 1–2 | 200 mcg | 1 units (0.01 mL) |
| Weeks 3–4 | 400 mcg | 2 units (0.02 mL) |
| Weeks 5–6 | 600 mcg | 3 units (0.03 mL) |
| Weeks 7–8 | 800 mcg | 4 units (0.04 mL) |
| Weeks 9–10+ | 1 mg (1000 mcg) | 5 units (0.05 mL) |

Frequency: Once daily, subcutaneously, at a consistent time.

> For 10-unit or smaller volumes (≤0.10 mL), a 30- or 50-unit syringe reads more accurately.

### Reconstitution Steps

1. Draw 2 mL of bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe.
2. Inject slowly down the vial wall; avoid shaking to prevent foaming.
3. Gently swirl or roll until fully dissolved (clear solution).
4. Label with the reconstitution date and refrigerate at 2–8 °C, protected from light; use within 4 weeks.

Important: this guide is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. For research use only. Not for human consumption.

## U-100 Conversion Table

| U-100 units | Volume | Contains | Yield per vial |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 0.02 mL | 400 mcg | 100 injections |
| 5 | 0.05 mL | 1 mg (1000 mcg) | 40 injections |
| 10 | 0.10 mL | 2 mg (2000 mcg) | 20 injections |
| 20 | 0.20 mL | 4 mg (4000 mcg) | 10 injections |
| 30 | 0.30 mL | 6 mg (6000 mcg) | 6 injections |
| 50 | 0.50 mL | 10 mg (10000 mcg) | 4 injections |
| 100 | 1.00 mL | 20 mg (20000 mcg) | 2 injections |

## Supplies Needed

**MOTS-C vials (40 mg each)**
- Standard / Gradual Approach, 12 weeks: Minimum 2 vials (56 mg required).
- Standard / Gradual Approach, 24 weeks: Minimum 4 vials (140 mg required).

**U-100 syringes (1 mL)**
- Standard / Gradual Approach, 12 weeks: 84 new syringes for 84 injections.
- Standard / Gradual Approach, 24 weeks: 168 new syringes for 168 injections.

**Bacteriostatic water**
- Standard / Gradual Approach, 12 weeks: 4 mL total (2 mL per vial) → 2 × 3 mL vials.
- Standard / Gradual Approach, 24 weeks: 8 mL total (2 mL per vial) → 3 × 3 mL vials.

**Alcohol swabs**
- Standard / Gradual Approach, 12 weeks: 168 minimum; one box of 100 does not cover the calculation.
- Standard / Gradual Approach, 24 weeks: 336 minimum; one box of 100 does not cover the calculation.

## Storage Instructions

- Lyophilized (unopened): −20 °C for long-term storage; 2–8 °C if used within weeks. Protected from light.
- Reconstituted: 2–8 °C, do not freeze. Use within the documented period (typically up to 4 weeks with bacteriostatic water).
- Handling: do not shake; avoid temperature cycling; label with date and concentration.
- Discard: cloudy solutions, particulates or expired preparations are discarded.

## How This Works

MOTS-C exerts its effects through multiple metabolic signaling pathways: AMPK Activation: The peptide directly activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), the cell's master energy sensor. AMPK activation triggers cascades that favor fatty acid oxidation, improve insulin-independent glucose uptake, and increase mitochondrial biogenesis. Folate pathway regulation: Modulates folate metabolism and the methionine cycle, impacting DNA methylation and epigenetic regulation associated with cellular aging. Nuclear translocation under stress: Under metabolic stress conditions (fasting, exercise, caloric restriction), MOTS-C translocates from the mitochondria to the nucleus, where it modulates the expression of adaptive genes as an integrated stress response. Improvement of mitochondrial function: Increases electron transport chain activity, improves coupling between oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, and reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

## References

1. Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2015;21(3):443-454.
2. Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, et al. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nat Commun. 2021;12:470.
3. Kim KH, Son JM, Benayoun BA, Lee C. The mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate nuclear gene expression. Cell Metab. 2018;28(3):516-524.
4. Yang Y, Gao H, Zhou H, et al. The role of mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c in metabolic homeostasis. Pharmacol Res. 2019;143:166-171.
5. Merry TL, Chan A, Woodhead JST, et al. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020;319(4):E659-E666.

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Source: https://protocolopeptidos.com/en/compuestos/mots-c-40mg · Important: this guide is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. For research use only. Not for human consumption.