# L-Carnitine 500 mg / 10 ml: reference sheet

L-Carnitine 500 mg / 10 ml is a laboratory supply: it is not reconstituted. This sheet covers its use as a diluent or support, storage and available sizes.

- **Vial contents:** 500 mg
- **Storage:** 15–25 °C, protected from light
- **Use:** laboratory diluent / support

## How This Works

L-Carnitine (β-hydroxy-γ-trimethylamino-butyrate) is a quaternary ammonium compound (MW: 161.2 Da) naturally present in mammals, essential for mitochondrial energy metabolism. In the research literature, the parenteral form is documented with superior bioavailability (100%) versus oral (14-18%). Chemical Structure: Formula: C₇H₁₅NO₃ Forma activa: L-Carnitina (levorotatorio) Biosynthesis precursors: Lysine + Methionine (requires vitamin C, B6, niacin, iron) Endogenous synthesis: 1.2 μmol/kg/day (insufficient for increased demands) Concentración tisular: músculo esquelético >95% reservas corporales totales Mecanismos Moleculares Fundamentales: Sistema Lanzadera Carnitina (Transporte Mitocondrial): CPT-1 (Carnitine Palmitoyltransferasa I): Membrana externa mitocondrial Conversión: Acil-CoA + Carnitina → Acil-Carnitina + CoA Rate-limiting step: malonyl-CoA regulation (nutritional status) Specificity: long-chain fatty acids (C12-C20) CACT (Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Translocase): Membrana interna Transporte: Acil-Carnitina (matriz) ↔ Carnitina libre (espacio intermembrana) Antiporter: intercambio 1:1 CPT-2: Matriz mitocondrial Regeneración: Acil-Carnitina → Acil-CoA + Carnitina…

## Research FAQ

**Q: Parenteral vs oral form in the research literature?** R: A: The parenteral form is documented as superior in bioavailability:
**Q: Loading vs maintenance in research models?** R: Protocolo opcional:
**P: ¿Acetil-L-Carnitina (ALCAR) vs L-Carnitina base?** R: Diferencias funcionales:
**P: ¿Monitorización de efectividad en estudios?** Carnitina plasmática: Libre + acil-carnitina (HPLC-MS)

## References

1. Broad EM, et al. (2005) “Effects of 4 weeks L-carnitine supplementation on exercise performance” – Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 15(2):181-191. [PubMed: 16131698]
2. Wall BT, et al. (2011) “Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism” – J Physiol 589(Pt 4):963-973. [PubMed: 21224234]
3. Iliceto S, et al. (1995) “Effects of L-carnitine administration on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction” – J Am Coll Cardiol 26(2):380-387. [PubMed: 7608439]
4. Lenzi A, et al. (2003) “Use of carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility” – Fertil Steril 79(2):292-300. [PubMed: 12568837]
5. Virmani MA, Cirulli M. (2000) “The role of l-carnitine in mitochondria, prevention of metabolic inflexibility and disease initiation” – Int J Mol Sci 21(22):8737. [PubMed: 33233502]
6. Pekala J, et al. (2011) “L-carnitine–metabolic functions and meaning in humans life” – Curr Drug Metab 12(7):667-678. [PubMed: 21561431]
7. Malaguarnera M, et al. (2007) “L-Carnitine supplementation to diet: a new tool in treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis” – Dig Dis Sci 55(11):3144-3150. [PubMed: 20198461]

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Source: https://protocolopeptidos.com/en/compuestos/l-carnitine-500-mg-10-ml · Important: this guide is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. For research use only. Not for human consumption.